Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a low-toxic, environmentally friendly, and widely used organic synthesis intermediate. It is a transparent liquid at room temperature and is difficult to dissolve in water, but can be miscible with alcohols, ketones, esters, etc. in any ratio. DMC molecules contain carbonyl, methyl, methoxyl groups, etc. It has good reactivity, and can replace highly toxic phosgene, dimethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, as carbonylating agents, methylating agents, and methoxylating agents. DMC has the characteristics of safe use, convenience, low pollution, and easy transportation in production. Dimethyl Carbonate is also widely used in pesticides, medicines, spices, fuel additives, solvents, and electronics industries.
| Item | Dimethyl Carbonate |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Boiling Point | 90 °C (194 °F) |
| Density | 1.06 g/cm3 @ 25 °C (77 °F) |
| Dynamic Viscosity | 0.66 mPa.s @ 20 °C (68 °F) |
| Flash Point | 14.4 - 18 °C (57.9 - 64 °F) |
| Lower Explosion Limit | 4.2 %(V) |
| Melting Point | 2 - 4 °C (36 - 39 °F) |
| Odor | characteristic |
| Relative Density | 1.064 - 1.069 @ 25 °C (77 °F) Reference Material: (water = 1) |
| Vapor Pressure | 18 mmHg @ 20 °C (68 °F) |
Excellent Performance of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC)
The Role of Dimethyl Carbonate in Electrolytes
The role of conducting ions. In lithium batteries, the main function of the electrolyte is to transfer ions between the positive and negative electrodes to achieve the normal charging and discharging process of the battery. As an electrolyte solvent, DMC carries the conduction of lithium ions and other electrolyte ions, ensures the smooth flow of the electrolyte, and provides key support for the normal operation of lithium batteries.
Participate in film-forming reactions and improve cycle stability. During the battery charging and discharging process, dimethyl carbonate may react on the electrode surface to form a stable solid electrolyte interface film (SEI film). This film can prevent further side reactions between the electrode material and the electrolyte, improving the safety and stability of the battery. At the same time, it can also reduce the capacity attenuation of the battery during the cycle process and extend the service life of the battery.
Enhance energy density. By optimizing the electrolyte formula and increasing the content of DMC, the energy density of the battery can be improved to a certain extent to meet the needs of high energy density batteries.
Used in a variety of battery systems. In addition to lithium-ion batteries, dimethyl carbonate is also used in other types of batteries such as sodium-ion batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, and aluminum-ion batteries. In the preparation of electrolytes for these batteries, it can also play a role in dissolving electrolytes and promoting ion conduction, helping to improve battery performance.
